Biodiversity is the combination of all life-forms at genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Nepal has variation in biodiversity due to variation in geography, altitudinal range, and climate. But global climate is changing naturally, affecting various aspects of life. Long-term impacts of changes in climatic patterns have impacts on the forest resources. Decrease in snowfall and snow cover in the Himalayan region affects the Nomad groups to feed their livestock. Global warming had resulted in shifting of vegetation toward higher altitude, change in phenology, extinction of species, and behavioral change. Temperatures in summer have exceeded the tolerating capacity of the valuable timber species of the higher altitude. High-elevation ecosystems of Himalayan region are the most vulnerable ecosystems of the world. Various observations from the past experimental studies, current ecophysiological and ecological understanding show that forests are highly sensitive to climate change. A slight increase in the mean annual temperature of 1 °C is sufficient enough to bring substantial changes in the growth and regeneration capacity of many tree species. Hence, appropriate measure for the mitigation of anthropogenic greenhouse gases causing climate change is recommended.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-12859-7_6
